Umzekelo oZinzileyo wokuNcenkceshela okonga amanzi kwiNqila yaseYuanmou
Ushwankathelo: Ikholamu ethi "Izihloko eziTrendayo" kwiphepha lasekhaya lewebhusayithi yoPhuhliso lwaseAsia yeBhanki yoPhuhliso yaseAsia ikhuphe imeko yeprojekthi yePPP yokonga amanzi eyonga amanzi eYuanmou, Yunnan, ejonge ukwabelana ngetyala kunye namava kwiiprojekthi zaseTshayina zePPP. namanye amazwe asakhasayo aseAsia.
Umzekelo oZinzileyo wokuNcenkceshela okonga amanzi kwiNqila yaseYuanmou Iprojekthi yentsebenziswano phakathi kukarhulumente namashishini abucala kwiRiphabhlikhi Yabantu baseTshayina yaphucula imveliso yamafama kunye nengeniso ngokwakha inkqubo edibeneyo yokunkcenkceshela. Ifakwe kwintlambo eyomileyo yomlambo iJinshajiang, iYuanmou County kwiphondo laseYunnan kwiRiphabhlikhi yase China (PRC) ithwaxwe kukunqongophala kwamanzi okuthe kwathintela inkqubela phambili yezolimo lwasekhaya kwaye kukhokelele ekunyukeni kweendlela zokunkcenkceshela ezingazinzanga. . Iprojekthi yentsebenziswano yoluntu neyabucala (PPP) yakha uthungelwano oluhlanganisiweyo lokusasaza ukunyusa unikezelo lwamanzi kunye nokusetyenziswa konkcenkceshelo kwisiphaluka kwaye yaphuhlisa inkqubo yokwenza umsebenzi wayo uzinze.Le projekthi iye yaphucula imveliso yasefama, yanyusa ingeniso yamafama, yanciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi neendleko. 2017 : Ukuqaliswa kweProjekthi 2018-2038 : Ixesha lokuSebenza I-$44.37 yezigidi (￥307.7852 yezigidi) : Iindleko zizonke zeProjekthi Amaziko / abachaphazelekayo IZiko laManzi laseYuanmou County Dayu Irrigation Group Co., Ltd. Dayu Irrigation Group Co., Ltd. Urhulumente weRiphabhlikhi yaBantu baseTshayina Amafama asekuhlaleni kunye nabanye abachaphazelekayo Imfuno yonyaka yokunkcenkceshela eYuanmou yi-92.279 million cubic metres (m³).Nangona kunjalo, zizigidi ezingama-66.382 zem³ kuphela zamanzi akhoyo ngonyaka.Kuphela yi-55% yeehektare ezingama-28,667 zomhlaba olimekayo kwisiphaluka ezinkcenkceshelwayo.Abantu baseYuanmou kudala bekhalazela izisombululo kule ngxaki yamanzi, kodwa urhulumente wasekhaya unohlahlo lwabiwo-mali olulinganiselweyo kunye namandla okwenza iinzame zokulondoloza amanzi ngaphezulu kweeprojekthi zakhe zeziseko zophuhliso ezicwangcisiweyo. I-Yuanmou County ikumantla e-Central Yunnan Plateau kwaye ilawula iidolophu ezintathu kunye neelokishi ezisixhenxe.Elona candelo likhulu lezolimo, kwaye malunga ne-90% yabemi bakhona ngamafama.Le dolophu ityebile ngerayisi, imifuno, imango, i-longan, ikofu, iziqhamo zetamarind, kunye nezinye izityalo ezitshatyalaliswayo kunye nezityalo ezishinyeneyo. Kukho amadama amathathu kulo mmandla, anokusebenza njengemithombo yamanzi okunkcenkceshela.Ukongeza, ingeniso yonyaka yomntu ngamnye yamafama asekuhlaleni ingaphezulu kwe ¥8,000 ($1,153) kwaye umndilili wexabiso lemveliso ngehektare nganye udlula ¥150,000 ($21,623).Ezi zinto zenza iYuanmou ilungele uqoqosho ekuphunyezweni kweprojekthi yokuguqulwa kokugcinwa kwamanzi phantsi kwePPP. URhulumente we-PRC ukhuthaza icandelo labucala ukuba lithathe inxaxheba kutyalo-mali, ulwakhiwo, kunye nokusebenza kweeprojekthi zokugcinwa kwamanzi ngokusebenzisa imodeli ye-PPP njengoko oku kunokunciphisa umthwalo wemali kunye nobugcisa borhulumente ekunikezeni iinkonzo zoluntu ezingcono kunye nexesha elifanelekileyo. Ngokuthenga okukhuphisanayo, urhulumente wasekhaya waseYuanmou ukhethe i-Dayu Irrigation Group Co., LTD.njengeqabane leprojekthi yeBurena laManzi ekwakhiweni kwenkqubo yothungelwano lwamanzi yokunkcenkceshela kumhlaba weefama.UDayu uya kusebenzisa le nkqubo iminyaka engama-20. Iprojekthi yakha inkqubo yothungelwano lwamanzi edibeneyo enamacandelo alandelayo: ·Amanzi athatha amanzi: Iindawo ezimbini zokusela ezinamazinga amaninzi kumadama amabini. ·Uthumelo lwamanzi: Umbhobho ongundoqo oziikhilomitha ezingama-32.33 (km) wokuhanjiswa kwamanzi ukusuka kwiindawo zokungena kunye nemibhobho emikhulu yothumelo lwamanzi engama-46 ethe gqolo kumbhobho omkhulu nobude bubonke be-156.58 km. ·Usasazo lwamanzi: Imibhobho emincinane engama-801 yokuhanjiswa kwamanzi ngokuthe ngqo kwimibhobho emikhulu yothumelo lwamanzi enobude bubonke obuyi-266.2 km, imibhobho yesebe engama-901 yokuhanjiswa kwamanzi ngokungqamene kwimibhobho engundoqo enobude obuyi-345.33 km iyonke, kunye ne-4,933 DN50 iimitha zamanzi ezihlakaniphile. ·Ubunjineli bomhlaba wasefama: Uthungelwano lwemibhobho ephantsi kwemibhobho yesebe yokuhambisa amanzi, equka imibhobho encedisayo engama-4,753 enobude obupheleleyo obungama-241.73 km, iityhubhu ezizizigidi ezingama-65.56 zeemitha, imibhobho yokunkcenkceshela ye-3.33 yezigidi zeemitha, kunye ne-1.2 yezigidi zeedrip. ·Isixokelelwano esihlakaniphileyo solwazi lokonga amanzi: Isixokelelwano sokuhlola ukuhanjiswa nokuhanjiswa kwamanzi, inkqubo yokubeka iliso kulwazi lwemozulu nokufuma, ukunkcenkceshela okonga amanzi okuzenzekelayo, kunye neziko lolawulo lwenkqubo yolwazi. Le projekthi idibeneyo iimitha zamanzi ahlakaniphile, i-valve yombane, inkqubo yokubonelela ngombane, inzwa engenazintambo, kunye nezixhobo zonxibelelwano ezingenazintambo ukuhambisa ulwazi, njengokusetyenziswa kwamanzi ezityalo, isixa sesichumiso, isixa se-pesticide, ukufuma komhlaba, utshintsho lwemozulu, ukusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo kwemibhobho kunye nabanye, kwiziko lolawulo.Kwaphuhliswa isicelo esikhethekileyo apho abalimi banokukhuphela kwaye bafake kwiiselfowuni zabo.Abalimi banokusebenzisa i-app ukuhlawula imirhumo yamanzi kunye nokufaka amanzi asuka kwiziko lolawulo.Emva kokuqokelela ulwazi lwesicelo samanzi kumafama, iziko lolawulo lisebenza ishedyuli yokubonelela ngamanzi kwaye libazise ngokuthumela imiyalezo.Emva koko, abalimi banokusebenzisa iiselfowuni zabo ukusebenzisa iivalvu zolawulo lwasekhaya lokunkcenkceshela, isichumiso, kunye nokufakwa kwezibulali zinambuzane.Ngoku banokufumana amanzi xa befuneka kwaye bonge neendleko zabasebenzi ngokunjalo. Ngaphandle kolwakhiwo lweziseko ezingundoqo, le projekthi ikwazise iindlela zogcino-lwazi kunye neendlela ezisekelwe kwiimarike zokwenza inkqubo yothungelwano lwamanzi edibeneyo izinzileyo. Ulwabiwo lokuqala lwamalungelo amanzi: Ngokusekelwe kuphando olucokisekileyo kunye nohlalutyo, urhulumente ubonisa umgangatho ophakathi wokusetyenziswa kwamanzi ngehektare nganye kwaye umise inkqubo yokuthengiselana kwamalungelo amanzi apho amalungelo amanzi anokuthengiswa khona. Amaxabiso amanzi: Urhulumente umisela ixabiso lamanzi, elinokuthi lihlengahlengiswe ngokusekelwe ekubaleni nasekubekeni iliso emva kokumanyelwa koluntu kwiBureau yamaxabiso. Inkuthazo yokonga amanzi kunye nendlela yenkxaso-mali ekujoliswe kuyo: Urhulumente useka ingxowa-mali yokuwonga ukonga amanzi ukuze abonelele ngenkuthazo kumafama kunye nokuxhasa ukulima irayisi.Ngeli xesha, isicwangciso sentlawulo eyongezelelweyo esiqhubekayo kufuneka sifakwe kusetyenziso lwamanzi angaphezulu. Intatho-nxaxheba ngobuninzi: Intsebenziswano yokusetyenziswa kwamanzi, eququzelelwe ngurhulumente wasekhaya kwaye yasekwa ngokudibeneyo yiofisi yolawulo lwamadama, uluntu lwe-16 kunye neekomiti zelali, kwindawo enkulu yonkcenkceshelo yeYuanmou County ithathe abasebenzisi bamanzi abayi-13,300 kwindawo yeprojekthi njengamalungu entsebenziswano kunye iqokelelwe ￥27.2596 yezigidi (i-3.9296 yezigidi zeedola) ngendlela yorhumo lwesabelo esityalwe kwi-Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV), inkampani encedisayo esekwe ngokudibeneyo nguDayu kunye norhulumente wasekhaya waseYuanmou, kunye nembuyekezo eqinisekisiweyo kwireyithi encinci ye-4.95%.Utyalo-mali lwamafama luququzelela ukuphunyezwa kweprojekthi kwaye lwabelane ngenzuzo yeSPV. Ulawulo nokugcinwa kweprojekthi.Iprojekthi iphumeze ulawulo nokugcinwa kwemigangatho emithathu.Imithombo yamanzi enxulumene neprojekthi ilawulwa kwaye igcinwe yi-ofisi yolawulo lwamadama.Imibhobho yokudlulisa amanzi kunye nezixhobo zokulinganisa amanzi ahlakaniphileyo ukusuka kwiindawo zokuthatha amanzi ukuya kwiimitha zokuphela kwebala zilawulwa kwaye zigcinwe yiSPV.Ngeli xesha, imibhobho yokunkcenkceshela yokunkcenkceshela emva kwemitha yokuphela kwentsimi izakhelwe kwaye ilawulwa ngabaxhamli babasebenzisi.Amalungelo e-asethi yeprojekthi acaciswa ngokomgaqo othi "umntu uphethe into ayityalayo". Le projekthi ikhuthaze ukutshintshelwa kwenkqubo yezolimo yale mihla esebenzayo ekongeni nasekukhuliseni ukusetyenziswa kakuhle kwamanzi, isichumiso, ixesha, kunye nomsebenzi;nasekunyuseni ingeniso yamafama. Ngobuchwephesha bokuthontsiza obucwangcisiweyo, ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi kwiifama kwenziwa ngempumelelo.Umlinganiselo wokusetyenziswa kwamanzi ngehektare nganye wehlisiwe ukuya kwi-2,700–3,600 m³ ukusuka kwi-9,000–12,000 m³.Ngaphandle kokunciphisa umsebenzi womlimi, ukusetyenziswa kwemibhobho yokunkcenkceshela ngethontsi ukufaka izichumiso ezenziwe ngemichiza nezibulali zinambuzane kuphucule ukusetyenziswa kwazo ngama-30%.Oku kwandisa imveliso yezolimo nge-26.6% kunye nengeniso yamafama nge-17.4%. Le projekthi iphinde yanciphisa umndilili weendleko zamanzi ngehektare ukuya kwi-￥5,250 ($757) ukusuka kwi-￥18,870 ($2,720).Oku kwakhuthaza abalimi ukuba batshintshe kwizityalo eziziinkozo zemveli baye kwizityalo zexabiso eliphezulu ezifana neziqhamo zamahlathi ezoqoqosho, ezifana nemango, i-longan, idiliya kunye neorenji.Oku kwandise umvuzo wehektare nganye ngaphezu￥75,000 yuan ($10,812). ISithuthi seNjongo eKhethekileyo, esixhomekeke kwintlawulo yamanzi ehlawulwa ngamafama, kulindeleke ukuba sibuyise utyalo-mali lwaso kwiminyaka emi-5 ukuya kwesixhenxe.Imbuyekezo yayo kutyalo-mali ingaphezulu kwe-7%. Ukubeka iliso okusebenzayo kunye nokulungiswa komgangatho wamanzi, okusingqongileyo, kunye nomhlaba kukhuthazwe imveliso yeefama ezinoxanduva kunye nohlaza.Ukusetyenziswa kwezichumisi zeekhemikhali kunye nezibulali zinambuzane kwancitshiswa.La manyathelo anciphisa ukungcoliseka kwemithombo engekho ndawo kwaye enze ezolimo zasekhaya zikwazi ukumelana nokutshintsha kwemozulu. Uthethathethwano lwenkampani yabucala luyilungele inguqu yendima karhulumente ukusuka “kwimbaleki” ukuya “kusompempe.”Ukhuphiswano lwemarike olupheleleyo luvumela iingcali ukuba zisebenzise ubuchule babo. Imodeli yoshishino yeprojekthi intsonkothile kwaye ifuna isakhono esinzulu sokwakha kunye nokusebenza kweprojekthi. Iprojekthi ye-PPP, equka indawo enkulu, ifuna utyalo-mali oluphezulu, kunye nokusetyenziswa kobuchwepheshe be-smart, ayigcini nje ukunciphisa ngokufanelekileyo uxinzelelo lwemali karhulumente kwi-investment yexesha elilodwa, kodwa iqinisekisa ukugqitywa kokwakhiwa ngexesha kunye nokusebenza kakuhle komsebenzi. Qaphela: i-ADB ibona “i-China” njengeRiphabhlikhi yaBantu baseTshayina. I-website yeZiko leeNtsebenziswano zoLuntu lwaBucala laseTshayina.
Ixesha lokuposa: Dec-30-2022 
