Umngeni

Imfuno yonyaka yokunkcenkceshela eYuanmou yi-92.279 million cubic metres (m³).Nangona kunjalo, zizigidi ezingama-66.382 zem³ kuphela zamanzi akhoyo ngonyaka.Kuphela yi-55% yeehektare ezingama-28,667 zomhlaba olimekayo kwisiphaluka ezinkcenkceshelwayo.Abantu baseYuanmou kudala bekhalazela izisombululo kule ngxaki yamanzi, kodwa urhulumente wasekhaya unohlahlo lwabiwo-mali olulinganiselweyo kunye namandla okwenza iinzame zokulondoloza amanzi ngaphezulu kweeprojekthi zakhe zeziseko zophuhliso ezicwangcisiweyo.

Umxholo

I-Yuanmou County ikumantla e-Central Yunnan Plateau kwaye ilawula iidolophu ezintathu kunye neelokishi ezisixhenxe.Elona candelo likhulu lezolimo, kwaye malunga ne-90% yabemi bakhona ngamafama.Le dolophu ityebile ngerayisi, imifuno, imango, i-longan, ikofu, iziqhamo zetamarind, kunye nezinye izityalo ezitshatyalaliswayo kunye nezityalo ezishinyeneyo.

Kukho amadama amathathu kulo mmandla, anokusebenza njengemithombo yamanzi okunkcenkceshela.Ukongeza, ingeniso yonyaka yomntu ngamnye yamafama asekuhlaleni ingaphezulu kwe ¥8,000 ($1,153) kwaye umndilili wexabiso lemveliso ngehektare nganye udlula ¥150,000 ($21,623).Ezi zinto zenza iYuanmou ilungele uqoqosho ekuphunyezweni kweprojekthi yokuguqulwa kokugcinwa kwamanzi phantsi kwePPP.

Isisombululo

URhulumente we-PRC ukhuthaza icandelo labucala ukuba lithathe inxaxheba kutyalo-mali, ulwakhiwo, kunye nokusebenza kweeprojekthi zokugcinwa kwamanzi ngokusebenzisa imodeli ye-PPP njengoko oku kunokunciphisa umthwalo wemali kunye nobugcisa borhulumente ekunikezeni iinkonzo zoluntu ezingcono kunye nexesha elifanelekileyo.

Ngokuthenga okukhuphisanayo, urhulumente wasekhaya waseYuanmou ukhethe i-Dayu Irrigation Group Co., LTD.njengeqabane leprojekthi yeBurena laManzi ekwakhiweni kwenkqubo yothungelwano lwamanzi yokunkcenkceshela kumhlaba weefama.UDayu uya kusebenzisa le nkqubo iminyaka engama-20.

Iprojekthi yakha inkqubo yothungelwano lwamanzi edibeneyo enamacandelo alandelayo:

• Ukungena kwamanzi: Amaziko amabini okuthatha amanqanaba amaninzi kumadama amabini.
• Ukuhanjiswa kwamanzi: Umbhobho ongundoqo oziikhilomitha ezingama-32.33 (km) wokuhanjiswa kwamanzi ukusuka kwiindawo zokungena kunye nemibhobho emikhulu yothumelo lwamanzi engama-46 ethe gqolo kumbhobho omkhulu nobude bubonke be-156.58 km.
• Ukuhanjiswa kwamanzi: Imibhobho engundoqo engama-801 yokuhambisa amanzi ngokobude bemibhobho emikhulu yothumelo lwamanzi enobude obuyi-266.2 km iyonke, imibhobho yesebe engama-901 yokuhanjiswa kwamanzi ngokwemibhobho engundoqo enobude obungama-345.33 km iyonke, kunye ne-4,933 DN50 yeemitha ezihlakaniphile zamanzi .
• Ubunjineli bomhlaba wasefama: Uthungelwano lwemibhobho ephantsi kwemibhobho yesebe yokuhanjiswa kwamanzi, ebandakanya imibhobho encedisayo engama-4,753 enobude obuyi-241.73 km iyonke, iityhubhu ezizizigidi ezingama-65.56 zeemitha, imibhobho yokunkcenkceshela ye-drip ye-3.33 yezigidi zeemitha, kunye ne-1.2 yezigidi zeedrip.
• Inkqubo yolwazi yokonga amanzi ehlakaniphile:Inkqubo yokubeka iliso yokuhanjiswa nokuhanjiswa kwamanzi, inkqubo yokubeka iliso kulwazi lwemozulu kunye nokufuma, ukunkcenkceshela okonga amanzi okuzenzekelayo, kunye neziko lolawulo lwenkqubo yolwazi.

Le projekthi idibeneyo iimitha zamanzi ahlakaniphile, i-valve yombane, inkqubo yokubonelela ngombane, inzwa engenazintambo, kunye nezixhobo zonxibelelwano ezingenazintambo ukuhambisa ulwazi, njengokusetyenziswa kwamanzi ezityalo, isixa sesichumiso, isixa se-pesticide, ukufuma komhlaba, utshintsho lwemozulu, ukusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo kwemibhobho kunye nabanye, kwiziko lolawulo.Kwaphuhliswa isicelo esikhethekileyo apho abalimi banokukhuphela kwaye bafake kwiiselfowuni zabo.Abalimi banokusebenzisa i-app ukuhlawula imirhumo yamanzi kunye nokufaka amanzi asuka kwiziko lolawulo.Emva kokuqokelela ulwazi lwesicelo samanzi kumafama, iziko lolawulo lisebenza ishedyuli yokubonelela ngamanzi kwaye libazise ngokuthumela imiyalezo.Emva koko, abalimi banokusebenzisa iiselfowuni zabo ukusebenzisa iivalvu zolawulo lwasekhaya lokunkcenkceshela, isichumiso, kunye nokufakwa kwezibulali zinambuzane.Ngoku banokufumana amanzi xa befuneka kwaye bonge neendleko zabasebenzi ngokunjalo.

Ngaphandle kolwakhiwo lweziseko ezingundoqo, le projekthi ikwazise iindlela zogcino-lwazi kunye neendlela ezisekelwe kwiimarike zokwenza inkqubo yothungelwano lwamanzi edibeneyo izinzileyo.

• Ulwabiwo lokuqala lwamalungelo amanzi:Ngokusekelwe kuphando olucokisekileyo kunye nohlalutyo, urhulumente ubonisa umgangatho ophakathi wokusetyenziswa kwamanzi ngehektare nganye kwaye umise inkqubo yokuthengiselana kwamalungelo amanzi apho amalungelo amanzi anokuthengiswa khona.
• Amaxabiso amanzi:Urhulumente ubeka ixabiso lamanzi, elinokuthi lihlengahlengiswe ngokusekelwe ekubaleni nasekubekeni iliso emva kovavanyo loluntu lweBureau yamaxabiso.
• Inkuthazo yokonga amanzi kunye nendlela yenkxaso-mali ekujoliswe kuyo:Urhulumente useka ingxowa-mali yokonga amanzi ukuze anike inkuthazo kumafama kunye nokuxhasa ukulima irayisi.Ngeli xesha, isicwangciso sentlawulo eyongezelelweyo esiqhubekayo kufuneka sifakwe kusetyenziso lwamanzi angaphezulu.
• Uthatho nxaxheba luninzi:Intsebenziswano yokusetyenziswa kwamanzi, eququzelelwe ngurhulumente wasekhaya kwaye yasekwa ngokudibeneyo yiofisi yolawulo lwamadama, uluntu olu-16 kunye neekomiti zelali, kwindawo enkulu yonkcenkceshelo yeYuanmou County ifunxe abasebenzisi bamanzi abayi-13,300 kwindawo yeprojekthi njengamalungu entsebenziswano kwaye yanyusa ￥27.2596 izigidi (i-3.9296 yezigidi zeedola) ngendlela yokubhaliswa kwesabelo esityalwe kwiSithuthi seNjongo eKhethekileyo (SPV), inkampani encedisayo esekwe ngokudibeneyo nguDayu kunye norhulumente wasekhaya waseYuanmou, kunye nembuyekezo eqinisekisiweyo kwireyithi encinci ye-4.95%.Utyalo-mali lwamafama luququzelela ukuphunyezwa kweprojekthi kwaye lwabelane ngenzuzo yeSPV.
• Ulawulo nokugcinwa kweprojekthi.Iprojekthi iphumeze ulawulo nokugcinwa kwemigangatho emithathu.Imithombo yamanzi enxulumene neprojekthi ilawulwa kwaye igcinwe yi-ofisi yolawulo lwamadama.Imibhobho yokudlulisa amanzi kunye nezixhobo zokulinganisa amanzi ahlakaniphileyo ukusuka kwiindawo zokuthatha amanzi ukuya kwiimitha zokuphela kwebala zilawulwa kwaye zigcinwe yiSPV.Ngeli xesha, imibhobho yokunkcenkceshela yokunkcenkceshela emva kwemitha yokuphela kwentsimi izakhelwe kwaye ilawulwa ngabaxhamli babasebenzisi.Amalungelo e-asethi yeprojekthi acaciswa ngokomgaqo othi "umntu uphethe into ayityalayo".

Iziphumo

Le projekthi ikhuthaze ukutshintshelwa kwenkqubo yezolimo yale mihla esebenzayo ekongeni nasekukhuliseni ukusetyenziswa kakuhle kwamanzi, isichumiso, ixesha, kunye nomsebenzi;nasekunyuseni ingeniso yamafama.

Ngobuchwephesha bokuthontsiza obucwangcisiweyo, ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi kwiifama kwenziwa ngempumelelo.Umlinganiselo wokusetyenziswa kwamanzi ngehektare nganye wehlisiwe ukuya kwi-2,700–3,600 m³ ukusuka kwi-9,000–12,000 m³.Ngaphandle kokunciphisa umsebenzi womlimi, ukusetyenziswa kwemibhobho yokunkcenkceshela ngethontsi ukufaka izichumiso ezenziwe ngemichiza nezibulali zinambuzane kuphucule ukusetyenziswa kwazo ngama-30%.Oku kwandisa imveliso yezolimo nge-26.6% kunye nengeniso yamafama nge-17.4%.

Le projekthi iphinde yanciphisa umndilili weendleko zamanzi ngehektare ukuya kwi-￥5,250 ($757) ukusuka kwi-￥18,870 ($2,720).Oku kwakhuthaza abalimi ukuba batshintshe kwizityalo eziziinkozo zemveli baye kwizityalo zexabiso eliphezulu ezifana neziqhamo zamahlathi ezoqoqosho, ezifana nemango, i-longan, idiliya kunye neorenji.Oku kwandise umvuzo wehektare nganye ngaphezu￥75,000 yuan ($10,812).

ISithuthi seNjongo eKhethekileyo, esixhomekeke kwintlawulo yamanzi ehlawulwa ngamafama, kulindeleke ukuba sibuyise utyalo-mali lwaso kwiminyaka emi-5 ukuya kwesixhenxe.Imbuyekezo yayo kutyalo-mali ingaphezulu kwe-7%.

Ukubeka iliso okusebenzayo kunye nokulungiswa komgangatho wamanzi, okusingqongileyo, kunye nomhlaba kukhuthazwe imveliso yeefama ezinoxanduva kunye nohlaza.Ukusetyenziswa kwezichumisi zeekhemikhali kunye nezibulali zinambuzane kwancitshiswa.La manyathelo anciphisa ukungcoliseka kwemithombo engekho ndawo kwaye enze ezolimo zasekhaya zikwazi ukumelana nokutshintsha kwemozulu.

Izifundo

Uthethathethwano lwenkampani yabucala luyilungele inguqu yendima karhulumente ukusuka “kwimbaleki” ukuya “kusompempe.”Ukhuphiswano lwemarike olupheleleyo luvumela iingcali ukuba zisebenzise ubuchule babo.

Imodeli yoshishino yeprojekthi intsonkothile kwaye ifuna isakhono esinzulu sokwakha kunye nokusebenza kweprojekthi.

Iprojekthi ye-PPP, equka indawo enkulu, ifuna utyalo-mali oluphezulu, kunye nokusetyenziswa kobuchwepheshe be-smart, ayigcini nje ukunciphisa ngokufanelekileyo uxinzelelo lwemali karhulumente kwi-investment yexesha elilodwa, kodwa iqinisekisa ukugqitywa kokwakhiwa ngexesha kunye nokusebenza kakuhle komsebenzi.

Qaphela: i-ADB ibona “i-China” njengeRiphabhlikhi yaBantu baseTshayina.

Izibonelelo

Iziko leeNtsebenziswano zoLuntu lwaBucala laseTshayina(ikhonkco lingaphandle)iwebhusayithi.